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All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement
The All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (in Amharic: ''Mela Ethiopia Sosialist Niqinaqē'', መላ የኢትዮጵያ ሶሲያሊስት ንቅናቄ, MEISON ) is a political party in Ethiopia. A Marxist-Leninist organization, MEISON played an active role in Ethiopian politics during the 1970s. Both it and the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) were enthusiastic supporters of the revolution that toppled Emperor Haile Selassie I. However, as Mengistu Haile Mariam rose to power as chairman of the ruling Derg government, conflict began to develop between the two groups, with MEISON aligning itself with Mengistu.
==History==
MEISON was formed as a clandestine organization during the 8th ESUE (Ethiopian Student Union in Europe) congress in August 1968 by some of the most senior of the exiled radical Ethiopian students. Prominent founders include: Worku Ferede (elected chairman at meeting), Kebede Mengesha, Negede Gobeze, Andargachew Assegid, Fikre Merid, Hagos Gebreyesus, and Haile Fida (future chairman and an Oromo from Welega).〔 Andargachew Assegid, "A Long Journey Cut Short: MEISON in the Ethiopian People's Struggle" (Addis Abeba: Central Printing Press, 2000), p.13-14〕 Other early prominent members included Endrias Eshete, Haile Menkerios, Alem Habtu, and Dessalegn Rahmato.〔Andargachew, ''A Long Journey Cut Short'', p. 14〕
Limited free expression was permitted following the 1974 revolution that installed the Derg as the state's authority, and politics became dominated by members of the radical Left who had previously opposed Haile Selassie at home and abroad. MEISON and the EPRP quickly grew to be the two dominant Marxist parties, and their leadership & members across Europe, North America, and the Middle East quickly returned home to take part in the revolution.
Ideological friction between EPRP and MEISON, for years played out in the arena of exile student politics, would never come close to improving at home, with deadly consequences for all. The EPRP opposed the Derg, claiming it was standing in the way of a genuine "people's democracy" and later accusing Mengistu of fascism. MEISON, on the other hand, was willing to allow the Derg authority in restructuring Ethiopian society along Marxist-Leninist principles, at least for the time being, and favored a more "controlled democracy." Because of this, MEISON won the Derg's favor, and gained key posts in the new government.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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